In Certainty - Wittgenstein

Wittgenstein wrote it in the last year and a half of his life during his illness, and he engaged in arguments with his friend Norman Malcolm in 1949 about knowledge and common sense according to George Moore, and accordingly, he wrote a group of paragraphs and notes that formed this book. These paragraphs discussed topics such as knowledge, certainty, and human practices, and touched on philosophical doctrines such as skepticism and idealism, explaining that they are meaningless and incomprehensible, in addition to important ideas discussed by Wittgenstein such as universal images, ordinary language, forms of life, language games, madness, the idea of ​​the riverbed and the squirrel. Wittgenstein's philosophy of life and the ordinary person, is repelled by rigidity and inertia, by anything lifeless, and struggles to protect that deep dimension of the world and man. His philosophy is at the heart of life and its suffering. And in certainty is evidence that philosophy did not die for the later Wittgenstein, as he engages in certainty from ancient and modern philosophical discussions, sparking new horizons in philosophy and other fields